|
Ph 26
|
Dispositif solide
–
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3D95@
ressort (horizontal)
|
I.
Etude théorique
1.
Force de rappel exercée par un ressort.
A chacune de ses extrémités un ressort étiré ou comprimé
exerce une force de rappel dont l’expression est :
|
F
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadAeagaWcaaaa@382A@
rappel =
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
k.x.
i
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadMgagaWcaaaa@384D@
|
L’axe x’x est parallèle à l’axe du ressort orienté dans le
sens de l’allongement de celui-ci (en général) et x = 0 est pris à la position
de G à l’équilibre (au repos).
k est la constante de raideur du ressort en N.m-1.
Exercice : montrer que la dimension de k est M.T-2
2.
Oscillations d’un solide soumis à l’action d’un
ressort sur un plan horizontal.
Le mouvement du solide de centre d’inertie G est étudié dans
le référentiel terrestre supposé galiléen.
Le plan du mouvement est horizontal et on néglige tous les
frottements.
L’origine des abscisses est choisie à la position G0
quand le système est au repos.
Au cours de son mouvement le solide est soumis à 3
forces :
-
Son poids
P
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadcfagaWcaaaa@3834@
(vertical, vers le haut, de valeur P = m.g)
-
La réaction normale du plan
R
→
n
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadkfagaWcamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaaa@3955@
(perpendiculaire au plan, vers le haut de
valeur Rn = ?)
-
La force de rappel exercée par le ressort
F
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadAeagaWcaaaa@382A@
rappel =
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
k.x.
i
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadMgagaWcaaaa@384D@
D’après la 2ème loi de Newton :
P
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadcfagaWcaaaa@3834@
+
R
→
n
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadkfagaWcamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaaa@3955@
+
F
→
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadAeagaWcaaaa@382A@
rappel = m.
a
→
G
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiqadggagaWcamaaBaaaleaacaWGhbaabeaaaaa@393D@
En projetant sur l’axe x’x (la projection d’une SOMME
vectorielle est la SOMME des projections) il vient :
Px + Rnx
+ Fx = m.ax
Avec Px = 0 , Rnx = 0 (toutes 2
perpendiculaires à x’x) , Fx =
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
k.x et ax = x ‘’ ou
d
2
x
d
t
2
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamizamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiaadIhaaeaacaWGKbGaamiDamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaaaaa@3D01@
Ce qui conduit à :
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
k.x = m.x’’ ou bien en divisant par m :
|
x ‘’ +
k
m
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaam4Aaaqaaiaad2gaaaaaaa@393F@
.
x = 0
|
3.
Solution générale de l’équation différentielle.
Cette équation a déjà été vue à l’occasion de l’étude des
circuits LC. Mathématiquement elle est du type y’’ + ω0.y
= 0 où y est la fonction inconnue.
Montrons qu’une solution du type x = xm.cos (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) convient.
xm est l’amplitude (> 0) , T0 est
la période propre, (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) est la phase et
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0 est la phase à l’origine.
La méthode est habituelle : on calcule x’’ et on
remplace x et x’’ dans l’équation différentielle.
-
Dérivée première de x(t) : x’ =
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
xm.
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
.
sin (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) NB :
x’ = vx
-
Dérivée seconde de x(t) : x’’ =
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
xm. (
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
)2. cos (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0)
En remplaçant dans l’équation différentielle :
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
xm. (
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
)2. cos (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) +
k
m
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaam4Aaaqaaiaad2gaaaaaaa@393F@
xm . cos (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) = 0
Mise en facteur de certains termes :
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
xm . cos (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
+
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) . [(
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
)2
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
k
m
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaam4Aaaqaaiaad2gaaaaaaa@393F@
] = 0
Cette égalité doit être vérifiée
∀
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabgcGiIaaa@381D@
t
⇒
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaGGaaKqzagaeaaaaaaaaa8qacqWFshI3aaa@3ABD@
[(
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
)2
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
k
m
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaam4Aaaqaaiaad2gaaaaaaa@393F@
]
⇒
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaGGaaKqzagaeaaaaaaaaa8qacqWFshI3aaa@3ABD@
(
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
)2 =
k
m
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaam4Aaaqaaiaad2gaaaaaaa@393F@
|
D’où la période propre de cet oscillateur :
|
T0 =
2.π.
m
k
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaakaaabaWaaSaaaeaacaWGTbaabaGaam4AaaaaaSqabaaaaa@395A@
|
Remarque : cette période ne dépend que des
caractéristiques de l’oscillateur (la masse du corps lié au ressort, et la
raideur du ressort) mais pas des conditions initiales. C’est pourquoi on
l’appelle période propre parce qu’elle est propre au système (propriété du
système).
Exercice : montrer que cette relation est
homogène.
4.
Influence des conditions initiales.
A l’instant t = 0 on étire (vers la droite) le solide de x0
= a > 0 et on laisse aller sans vitesse initiale : v0 = 0.
Soit en faisant t = 0 dans la
solution générale : x0 = xm.cos (
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) = a
De même pour la vitesse à t =
0 : v0 =
—
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaerbd9wBPngitfMBZbsttbacgaqcLbyaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=rbiaaa@3D96@
xm.
2π
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3B95@
sin (
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0) = 0
De ces 2 relations on en tire xm = a > 0 et
ϕ
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaaiabew9aQbaa@3919@
0 = 0
|
D’où la solution générale :
|
x = a . cos (2.π.
t
T
0
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHXgarmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9arVeeu0dXdh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq=JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabaGaaiaacaqaaeaadaabauaaaOqaamaalaaabaGaamiDaaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaaaa@3A15@
)
|
II. Vérification
expérimentale.
1.
Influence de m.
2.
Influence de k
3.
Indépendance de g
Auteur : Philippe Girondeau
Impression